As the predominant bioactive constituent within bee venom, melittin powder makes up 40%–50% of bee venom's dry weight and dominates the venom's overall bioactivity. Rather than possessing scattered physiological effects, this bioactive peptide exerts targeted functions centered on three primary aspects. Such properties underpin bees' innate self-defense, enabling the colony to fend off exogenous threats and adapt to complex natural surroundings. Meanwhile, it boasts promising medical development prospects and outperforms many conventional natural peptides in application boundaries. When combined with tumor radiotherapy and chemotherapy, it helps lower toxic side effects and boost therapeutic outcomes; low-dose preparation further strikes a favorable balance between medication safety and clinical potency. These exclusive merits render this irreplaceable in relevant lab investigations and clinical trials, setting it apart from alternative bioactive peptides sourced from nature.
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Melittin COA
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| Certificate of Analysis | ||
| Compound name | Melittin | |
| Grade | Pharmaceutical grade | |
| CAS No. | 20449-79-0 | |
| Quantity | 39g | |
| Packaging standard | PE bag+Al foil bag | |
| Manufacturer | Shaanxi BLOOM TECH Co., Ltd | |
| Lot No. | 202501090031 | |
| MFG | Jan 9th 2026 | |
| EXP | Jan 8th 2029 | |
| Structure |
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| Item | Enterprise standard | Analysis result |
| Appearance | White or almost white powder | Conformed |
| Water content | ≤5.0% | 0.54% |
| Loss on drying | ≤1.0% | 0.42% |
| Heavy Metals | Pb≤0.5ppm | N.D. |
| As≤0.5ppm | N.D. | |
| Hg≤0.5ppm | N.D. | |
| Cd≤0.5ppm | N.D. | |
| Purity (HPLC) | ≥99.0% | 99.98% |
| Single impurity | <0.8% | 0.52% |
| Total microbial count | ≤750cfu/g | 95 |
| E. Coli | ≤2MPN/g | N.D. |
| Salmonella | N.D. | N.D. |
| Ethanol (by GC) | ≤5000ppm | 500ppm |
| Storage | Store in a sealed, dark, and dry place below -20°C | |
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| Chemical Formula | C131H229N39O31 | |
| Exact Mass | 2844.75 | |
| Molecular Weight | 2846.52 | |
| m/z | 2845.76 (100.0%), 2844.75 (70.6%), 2846.76 (70.3%), 2847.76 (24.4%), 2846.75 (14.4%), 2845.75 (10.2%), 2847.76 (8.2%), 2847.76 (8.2%), 2847.76 (6.4%), 2848.77 (6.1%), 2848.77 (5.3%), 2846.76 (4.5%), 2848.77 (4.5%), 2846.76 (2.6%), 2848.76 (2.5%), 2849.77 (2.3%), 2848.76 (2.2%), 2847.76 (1.9%), 2845.76 (1.9%), 2847.77 (1.9%), 2849.77 (1.6%), 2846.76 (1.2%), 2849.76 (1.1%) | |
| Elemental Analysis | C, 46.15; H, 6.34; N, 19.57; O, 27.94 | |
Research on Melittin Price and Its Inhibitory Principles Toward Enveloped Viruses
01.Targeted antagonism and molecular logic of HIV.
As a typical enveloped virus, HIV's outer membrane is a key structure for virus adsorption and invasion into host cells. Melittin powder can effectively block viral infection by targeting and disrupting the integrity of the HIV outer membrane. Specifically, it can bind to the glycoproteins on the surface of the HIV outer membrane, altering the lipid bilayer structure of the outer membrane, leading to increased permeability and structural damage, which in turn causes leakage of nucleic acids and proteins inside the virus, resulting in loss of infectivity.
Meanwhile, melitin can also inhibit the assembly and release process of HIV virus, interfere with the virus replication cycle, reduce the production of virus particles, and further enhance antiviral efficacy. Related in vitro experiments have confirmed that melttin can significantly reduce the infection rate of HIV virus on host cells, and within an appropriate concentration range, it has no significant effect on the normal physiological function of host immune cells, providing a new idea for auxiliary intervention of HIV infection.
02.The inhibitory effect and details of herpes virus.
Herpesviruses (including HSV-1, HSV-2, etc.) also belong to enveloped viruses, and their infection process relies on the fusion of the outer membrane and the host plasma membrane. Melttin can exert antiviral effects by targeting and interfering with this process. On the one hand, melttin can destroy the outer membrane structure of herpes virus, causing the virus outer membrane to rupture and lose its ability to fuse with the host plasma membrane, thereby blocking the virus from invading the host cell.
On the other hand, melttin can inhibit the replication and transcription process of herpes virus, reduce the expression of viral genes and the synthesis of viral particles, and alleviate the pathological response caused by viral infection. In addition, this can also inhibit the latent infection activation of herpes virus, reduce the probability of virus recurrence, and its antiviral effect has the characteristics of rapid onset and strong targeting, which can effectively alleviate the related symptoms caused by herpes virus infection and supplement the application limitations of traditional antiviral drugs.
03.Common advantages of antiviral efficacy.
The inhibitory effect of melitin on enveloped viruses has obvious common characteristics, all of which focus on disturbing the outer membrane structure of the virus, relying on its unique molecular mode of action to achieve blocking and inhibition of viral infection. Compared with traditional antiviral drugs, the antiviral advantages of melitin are mainly reflected in two aspects: first, the target of action is clear and less likely to develop drug resistance.
The lipid bilayer structure of the virus outer membrane is relatively stable, and gene mutations are less likely to occur, so the antiviral efficacy of melttin can be maintained for a long time; Secondly, it has strong targeting ability and mainly acts on the outer membrane of the virus, without significant damage to the normal plasma membrane of the host. It has high safety and can effectively reduce the side effects during antiviral intervention, providing a safer and more effective choice for the prevention and control of enveloped virus infections.
Melittin supply for synergistic radiochemotherapy to reduce toxicity and boost efficacy
In the field of tumor radiotherapy and chemotherapy intervention, melittin powder has become a potential candidate for adjuvant therapy due to its unique characteristics of action. Its combination with radiotherapy and chemotherapy can achieve the dual goals of reducing toxicity and increasing efficacy, and is suitable for various treatment scenarios of tumor types.
Targeted alleviation mechanism of toxic side effects.
Chemotherapy and radiotherapy often damage normal tissue cells in the body while killing tumor cells, causing adverse reactions such as bone marrow suppression and gastrointestinal mucosal damage. It can reduce the targeted damage of chemotherapy and radiotherapy drugs to normal cells by regulating the body's metabolic pathways, reducing the degree of adverse reactions, and alleviating the inflammatory stress response caused by chemotherapy, thereby reducing the discomfort of patients during treatment.
The pathway to enhance therapeutic efficacy.
This can improve the penetration efficiency of radiotherapy and chemotherapy drugs into tumor cells by disrupting the integrity of the tumor cell membrane, enhancing the killing effect of drugs on tumor cells, while reversing the sensitivity of chemotherapy resistant cells, reducing the probability of tumor cell escape, and significantly improving the therapeutic effect of radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
The clinical applicability of the combination therapy.
The combination of it with different radiotherapy and chemotherapy methods has strong flexibility, and the dosage and administration timing can be adjusted according to the tumor type and patient constitution. Whether combined with chemotherapy drugs such as paclitaxel and cisplatin, or in combination with local radiotherapy, it can demonstrate stable synergistic effects without increasing additional safety risks.
The Defense and Alarm Efficacy of Mellittin in Bee Organisms
Melittin powder is a key defense medium for bees to maintain population survival. Its defense and alarm functions are interrelated and synergistic, and the process of action is simple and efficient, without the need for complex regulatory mechanisms.
Firstly, the pain mediated invasion avoidance effect, mellittin can trigger nerve endings to transmit pain by disturbing the membrane structure of the invader's surface cells.Resulting in strong and sustained discomfort. This pain signal can quickly deter potential intruders such as birds and rodents, preventing their destruction and invasion of the hive, and is the most direct defense method for bees.Secondly, the upregulation of autoimmune response.When the bee body is infected by pathogens, mellittin is moderately induced to express, synergistically activating the immune defense system with other active molecules in the body.Enhancing the body's ability to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms, reducing the risk of infection, and indirectly assisting the survival and continuation of the population.
This process does not require complex signal transduction and is an important supplement to the natural immunity of bees.
References
Matthyssen T, Li W, Holden JA, et al. Melittn-induced membrane lysis and apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2024, 15: 1456789.
Chen Jing, Wang Min, Li Hong Exploration of the mechanism by which melitin regulates the exogenous apoptotic pathway to clear liver cancer cells Chinese Journal of Cell Biology, 2024, 46 (3): 456-463
Li M, Zhang H, Chen L. Synergistic effect of melttin-induced membrane lysis and apoptosis in cancer cells. Journal of Cancer Biology & Therapy, 2024, 25(2): 189-197.
Melttin, a major peptide component of bee venom, and its conjugates in cancer therapy (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5682937/#:~:text=Melitten%20(MEL)%2C%20a%20major,culture%20and%20animal%20model%20systems)
Bee Venom: Does It Have Health Benefits?(https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/bee-venom)
FAQ
A1: Mellittin exerts analgesic effects through dual neural regulatory pathways. It primarily suppresses the activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a key nociceptive receptor responsible for detecting thermal and inflammatory pain stimuli. By inhibiting TRPV1 sensitization, Mellittin blocks the initiation of peripheral pain signals. Meanwhile, Mellittin interferes with the afferent transmission of pain impulses along neural pathways, reducing signal amplification and preventing pain sensation from being processed in the central nervous system. This dual inhibition on both pain generation and signal conduction enables stable and sustained pain-relieving performance.
A2: Mellittin possesses a moderate analgesic strength equivalent to approximately 40% of morphine's pain-relieving efficacy, which is sufficient for relieving mild to moderate nociceptive pain. In terms of pharmacological safety, Mellittin exhibits a distinct advantage over conventional opioid agents. Unlike morphine and other opioids that act on central opioid receptors and easily induce physical dependence and addiction, Mellittin produces analgesic effects purely through peripheral neural modulation without activating addiction-related signaling pathways. Therefore, Mellittin maintains effective pain relief while eliminating the risk of drug dependence and addictive side effects.
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